Epidemiological Analysis of Dengue Fever: Insights from Demographic, Serological, and Temporal Data in Pakistan

Abstract

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, poses a significant public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, including Pakistan. This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of dengue, drawing on data from 116 patients tested between September 2020 and September 2021. The analysis examines demographic factors, serological markers (IgG, IgM, NS1 antigen levels), and the temporal distribution of dengue cases. The findings reveal a higher prevalence of dengue among males (63.79%), with the highest incidence occurring in the 30-39 age group (22.41%). Serological testing showed that the majority of patients were in the early to active stages of infection, with 65.52% of the cohort testing positive for dengue based on IgM levels. A pronounced seasonal spike in cases was observed in September 2021, accounting for 81.03% of the total cases, and coinciding with the monsoon season, a period known for heightened mosquito activity. These results are consistent with global patterns of dengue transmission and highlight the critical role of demographic and seasonal factors in the spread of the disease. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions, particularly among high-risk demographic groups and during peak transmission periods. This research contributes valuable insights into the epidemiology of dengue in Pakistan, offering guidance for the development of more effective disease control strategies and interventions.